Mommas Encounter Critique free essay sample

How momma was solid to not let the overabundances kids (as she called them) caused her to feel Inferior. Angelo comprehended why momma was so severe, It was a strategy for Implying cutoff times and structure a character brimming with habits and qualities. In the momma s experience the ethics, values, and so forth. Where Important. Did you think Angelo preferred when those white children affront a said frightful thing to momma? Noel But momma raised her to be control and she needed to regard her choice to do nothing.Which was a generally excellent procedure, since what is an individual going to do on the off chance that she/he assaults you and you don't do anything. Indeed, nothing will get worn out and in the end live only you. That s what occur with momma. When I was strolling to class and here young ladies shouting me hello hefty young lady and I Just overlooked them like if nobody was there and, guess what? It worked they got worn out and shut their mouth. We will compose a custom paper test on Mommas Encounter Critique or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page For a subsequent I resembled momma. Did I was?Maybe, I didn't shouted back I was conscious something that those young ladies don't have. All in all, momma was an extraordinary and courageous lady with her disappointments like each lady being, however she worked admirably teaching Maya Angelo and her sisters. This a model how to win without giving or being on a fight, of how you can attempt to deal with a troublesome circumstance of misuse any circumstance of this case. Momma s experience an Inspiration and adoration tome.

Communicating Agricultural Sciences Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Communicating Agricultural Sciences. Answer: A Literature survey Incorporated Pest Management: Sophisticated methodology towards decrease of concoction use in Cotton crop The rising advancements in bother the board of cotton crops as a piece of the incorporated bug the executives or IPM have essentially impacted substance utilization. Pretty and Bharucha (2015) contended that the IPM isn't only the asset monitoring innovation. When contrasted with different structures IMP is the economical escalation that builds the common, human and social capital by forestalling the yield, vermin, weeds and infection. The complex way to deal with develop cotton crops without synthetic concoctions lessens the utilization of the pesticides by half. Synthetic concoctions, for example, mercury, calcium arsenate, copper arsenite, and others are not any more required in the agro biological system. The creator featured the utilization of elective strategies, for example, biopesticides and bug sprays to cotton crop. The outcomes indicated increment in yields with decrease in synthetic concoctions to cotton crops albeit complex. Then again the synthetic concoctions use decre ase is noteworthy. Nonetheless, the creator likewise introduced the disadvantage of lessening synthetic utilize, for example, advancement of nuisances, infections and weeds. The examination is constrained as it centers in different harvests other than cotton. The outcomes were bolstered by the review of Wilson et al. (2018) that featured consolidation of the IPM in Australian industry. It is credited to complex methodology called creation of the Bt cotton. In this methodology the, the cotton crop is infused with the genome of the Bacillus thurengienesis to forestall harm by bug poisons. It fundamentally diminished the utilization of the of bug spray dynamic fixing spread per hectare. Hence this methodology of utilizing the nuisance nature/science is profitable as all year approach. This methodology is helpful against safe Helicoverpa spp. hatchlings in Bt cotton. Lessening the synthetic use and supplanting with this methodology has brought about the expansion in ecological and finan cial increases. This framework has very much developed since 50 years in Australia attributable to the adaptability of the modern methodology. The impediments of the methodology are concentrate just in Australian industry. In the book by Luttrell et al. (2015) decrease in compound use by complex methodology as a component of the IPM, is examined. The creator introduced the progression in the arthropod control advances, crop the board framework and improved creepy crawly the board framework. This procedure diminishes the arthropod harm to the cotton crops. It definitely diminishes the insecticidal control of a few key cotton bothers. Most prominent progression being the Bt cotton in US. This is in arrangement with the aftereffects of Wilson et al. (2018), be that as it may, it concentrated more on the versatile limit of the arthropods and spatial sizes of the board. This way to deal with decrease the synthetic substances have wonderful diminished the arthropod harm. Not at all like the above cross area review studies, Krishna and Qaim (2012) underscored the drawn out impacts of the decreased concoction use for cotton crops and the upside of the Bt cotton. The information on maintainability was a writing hole and overlooked by this investigation. This examination gathered information from the board review of cotton ranchers in India. The Bt utilize essentially diminished the utilizations of pesticides by non-Bt ranchers. The outcomes matched with the above outcomes. Be that as it may, it negated the outcomes by Wilson et al. (2018) that thought about that the Bt approach would get outdated. The information is anyway constrained because of little rancher setting. The examination by Downes et al. (2017) offered proof to the Wilson et al. (2018) contention that the Bt cotton approach has difficulties. In this investigation, the discoveries featured the obstruction of Helicoverpa armigera in Australian to DDT with utilization of wide range bug spray. In spite of different turning sciences and the utilization of adjusted compound showers the opposition proceeded, until hereditarily altered yields expanded IPM. The outcomes suggest that the obstruction the executives is essential for hereditarily changed cotton crops. Another examination by Benbrook (2012), additionally gave comparative proof. In the herbicide-safe weed the executives framework, to alleviate the spread of glyphosate-safe weeds, there is an expanding measure of the herbicide use. This expansion diminished the bug spray use onBtcrops. The outcomes were likewise upheld by another meta-investigation by Klmper and Qaim (2014). The consequences of the examination reasoned that hereditar ily altered innovation selection decreases the compound use by 37% and builds the harvest yields by 22%. This innovation likewise expands the ranchers benefit by 68%. When contrasted with the herbicide-open minded harvests, bug safe cropsshowedincreased yield additions and decrease of synthetics both in the creating and created nations. In spite of the fact that the first examinations doesn't show test size and change estimated it is valuable to expand the open trust in the innovation. This examination killed the hole made by Wilson et al. (2018) and Luttrell et al. (2015) that concentrated on single nations. Studies from various nations indicated viability of the transgenic Bt cotton approach in diminishing the concoction use in the cotton crops. Nations like Australia, US and other created nations have shown the fruitful reception to the refined methodology as a piece of IPM There is a writing hole in the elements forestalling the selection to substitute to synthetic substances in bug the board. The hole in the writing was secured by the overview directed by Khan and Damalas (2015). The outcomes demonstrated that half of the ranchers in the Punjab in Pakistan had to utilize pesticides for cotton crops. The principle determinants were absence of instruction, absence of earth sound vermin control techniques. The expanded accessibility of the concoction and the poor government guideline framework were different hindrances particle appropriation of modern way to deal with diminish synthetic in cotton crops. The investigation suggests for solid government strategies and guideline framework. The outcomes line up with that of Khan and Damalas (2015). It featured that the cotton ranchers had less information on the pesticide wellbeing issues and along these lines depended on the synthetic strategy. The outcomes inferred the ranchers instruction and preparing to make consciousness of common foes of cotton bugs. Comparable examination on ranchers point of view in Iran uncovered that selection of advanced methodology of natural control could be upgraded by perceiving the negative impacts of synthetic compounds (Abdollahzadeh et al., 2015). References Abdollahzadeh, G., Sharifzadeh, M.S. what's more, Damalas, C.A., 2015. View of the helpful and unsafe impacts of pesticides among Iranian rice ranchers impact the appropriation of organic control.Crop Protection,75, pp.124-131. Benbrook, C.M., 2012. Effects of hereditarily built yields on pesticide use in the US- - the initial sixteen years.Environmental Sciences Europe,24(1), p.24. Downes, S., Kriticos, D., Parry, H., Paull, C., Schellhorn, N. what's more, Zalucki, M.P., 2017. A point of view on the executives of Helicoverpa armigera: transgenic Bt cotton, IPM, and landscapes.Pest the board science,73(3), pp.485-492. Khan, M. what's more, Damalas, C.A., 2015. Variables forestalling the reception of options in contrast to concoction bother control among Pakistani cotton farmers.International Journal of irritation management,61(1), pp.9-16. Khan, M. also, Damalas, C.A., 2015. Ranchers' information about regular irritations and pesticide security in ordinary cotton creation in Pakistan.Crop Protection,77, pp.45-51. Klmper, W. also, Qaim, M., 2014. A meta-investigation of the effects of hereditarily adjusted crops.PloS one,9(11), p.e111629. Krishna, V.V. also, Qaim, M., 2012. Bt cotton and manageability of pesticide decreases in India.Agricultural Systems,107, pp.47-55. Luttrell, R.G., Teague, T.G. also, Brewer, M.J., 2015. Cotton creepy crawly bug management.Cotton, (agronmonogr57), pp.509-546. Beautiful, J. what's more, Bharucha, Z.P., 2015. Coordinated irritation the executives for reasonable strengthening of agribusiness in Asia and Africa.Insects,6(1), pp.152-182. Wilson, L.J., Whitehouse, M.E. furthermore, Herron, G.A., 2018. The Management of Insect Pests in Australian Cotton: An Evolving Story.Annual survey of entomology,63(1).

A critical Appreciation of Dover Beach - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"Dover Beach† by Matthew Arnold was first published in the anthology titled New Poems in 1867.The poem laments the transition from an era of spiritual faith and harmony to an era of rapid erosion of tradition and faith. It is Arnold’s critique of the Victorian society, where unprecedented industrialization and groundbreaking scientific discoveries caused a paradigm shift in man’s perception of himself. The age-old theocentric identity eroded away to make for an anthropocentric understanding of man. This, along with the rising materialism brought about the loss of harmony among men. This poem gives poignant expression to Arnold’s own pessimism about the mechanical Victorian age where men became rootless without the unifying bond of religion. The preoccupation with this crisis is also reflected in Arnold’s other poems like â€Å"The Scholar Gipsy† in which he reiterates man’s sense of disassociation and social fragmentation rising from religious doubt. This, he popularly refers to as the â€Å"strange disease of modern life†. The poem deceptively opens with the tranquil image of the glimmering sea in the moonlight where the speaker looks out at the sea from his vantage point at Dover beach. But readers soon realize that beneath this veneer of calm, there’s something much more unsettling. The speaker calls upon his companion to share the sweetness of the night air but uses odd adjectives to describe the landscape. He calls the moonlit beach â€Å"blanched† and refers to the sound of the sea waves flinging the pebble s on the beach as â€Å"grating roar†-as if it’s a harsh sound that disturbs the serene landscape. Through the image of the ebbing sea, Arnold symbolically alludes to man’s retreating faith in religion. The monotonous movement of the sea which takes the pebbles from the beach and flings them back creates a melancholic rhythm that Arnold refers to as the â€Å"eternal note of sadness†. The image of the pebbles being flung out creates a sense of helplessness, typical of the Victorian age. The tumultuous sea is a symbol of timelessness and it stands witness to all of mankind’s sufferings which it mournfully sings through the slow cadence of waves. To describe this timelessness, Arnold claims that Sophocles, the classical Greek tragedian also heard this mournful note of the sea on the Aegean and it had the same effect on him as it did on Arnold. Sophocles’ stoicism as expressed in Antigone was born out of the fact that life in ancient Greek soci ety was extremely difficult because they were plagued with wars. Death became ubiquitous which lead people to adopt a fatalistic a view of life. In such a context, life and death became synonymous. Arnold’s stoicism was due his apprehension of a bleak, godless society where man is helpless without anything to place their faith in. In the third stanza, Arnold metaphorically refers to religion as the â€Å"sea of faith†. Just as the vast endless oceans encircle the earth’s landmass, mankind too, was once surrounded by spiritual faith. It gave them a sense of belonging and security as they were held together by the common belief that they were all God’s children. But the Darwinian Theory that emerged during the Victorian period made man skeptical about such religious postulates that he had trusted since time immemorial. He now, began to question the veracity of his own origin. The poet symbolically refers to this growing doubt with the auditory image of the â€Å"withdrawing roar† of the sea of faith. Faith has become ephemeral and elusive like the â€Å"breath of the night wind†. As a result, mankind lies unprotected, exposed to the unkno wn consequences of faithlessness. Arnold compares this insufferable isolation of humanity to the â€Å"naked shingles† i.e. pebbles that lie on the beach after being flung out of the sea. The last stanza opens with the poem’s speaker addressing his companion: â€Å"Ah, love, let us be true/ To one another!† It is an emotionally honest appeal where he ardently wishes that their love is true in nature as it is the only thing that can bring a ray of hope amidst all the bleakness. Interestingly, Tennyson, another notable Victorian poet wrote in the dinosaur cantos of his In Memoriam about humans finding comfort in each other â€Å"behind the veil†, implying that marriage and love will console us against our loss of faith. Through his speaker, Arnold points out the difference between the deceptive appearance and the reality of the Victorian world. With the exceptional progress, it might seem glamorous like a world of dreams but in reality, it does not offer essential human qualities like compassion, â€Å"certitude† or â€Å"help for pain†. Arnold compares this harsh reality with the historical event of the battle of Epipolae that took place two thousand years ago, as described in the History of Peloponnesian War by Thucydides. In that ill-fated Sicilian expedition, the Athenian troops unwittingly killed their own men as they could not differentiate between themselves and their enemies in the darkness of the night. With the disappearance of the light of faith, there will be nothing to morally guide men or hold them together. Thus, Arnold apprehends that men will mistrust each other and end up harming one another, just like those â€Å"ignorant armies†. This idea of dying light of f aith can perhaps be linked to the light on the east coast of France that the speaker saw from the Dover beach- a light that disappeared after gleaming for a fleeting moment. Thus, Dover Beach provides justice to Arnold’s poetic sensibilities. It rightly illustrates his apprehension about a dark future of mankind where the long standing pillars of religious faith had crumbled under the weight of empirical knowledge leading to man losing his humane sensibilities. This idea of faithlessness, isolation and subsequent dehumanization later became the major of modern poetry.

Who Are Asias Worst Dictators

Egyptian Pyramids And The Pyramids - 1633 Words

The Egyptian pyramids were an important aspect of the Egyptian life and culture constructed around 2500 BCE with their geographical location being at the West bank of the River Nile. The three pyramids on the Giza plateau were built in a span of three generations by three Pharaohs namely Khafre, Menkaure and Khufu. These monuments are unsurpassed in terms of height and mass with the architects of the pyramids building them in a way that they could face the setting sun as they served as a resting place for the dead. In stead of that, each pyramid acted as a royal mortuary which included a temple on its base and a causeway which was made out of stone leading from the east of the plateau. These temples were used by the living to honor the†¦show more content†¦The completion of the upper hemisphere of the Pantheon is connected to a hypothetical lower hemisphere that touches the central point of the floor. This central point is referred to as the Oculus and has an opening of abou t 8.3 meters wide at the top of the cupola that serves as the only source of light for the building as shown in figure 1.1. Its basic design was devised in a way whereby the portico had columns attached to a rotunda with a dome shape. An intermediate block was put in between the rectilinear portico and the round rotunda to help in transition between the two. Its walls are made from concrete that is brick faced which was witnessed in most ancient buildings and the Roman aqua ducts. The concrete of the dome was graded into 6 layers with the architects mixing scoria and a low-density volcanic rock at the top of the dome as derived from Tod Marder and Mark Wilson. Scholars have indicated that Egypt was a kingdom formed and united under a single ruler in which the government was centralized thus enhancing engagement between the political elite and the citizens. Earlier Egyptian Pharaohs had absolute power owing to the fact that they appointed members of the royal family to prestigious positions but with time the government positions became hereditary and most of the districtShow MoreRelatedEgyptian Pyramids And The Pyramids960 Words   |  4 PagesEGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS For centuries, people have thought that pyramid have been constructed by the extraterrestrials while many others believed that the Egyptians might have owned or possessed a technology that’s been lost through the ages. Here, in this research paper, let us see what the findings are of researchers, scholars, archaeologists, physicists and professors around the world. The three pyramids of Giza are one of the mysterious ancient architecture in today’s world where people from all aroundRead MoreThe Egyptian Pyramids849 Words   |  4 Pagesare engaged columns is means they are attached. The capitals are important because it is the earliest known stone columns in the history of architecture. 2. The Egyptian Pyramids were built as Pharaohs Burial Chambers. The pyramids were built out of solid blocks of quarried limestone of the Gizeh. The techniques of building the pyramid were hypothesize the work men had to cut into the rock and move large blocks roughly equal size using copper chisels and wooden mallets. They also cut deep intoRead More The Egyptian Pyramids Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesThe Egyptian Pyramids When most people think of Ancient Egypt they think of Pyramids. To construct such great monuments required a mastery of architecture, social organization, and art that few cultures of that period could achieve. The oldest pyramid, the Step-Pyramids, grow out of the abilities of two men, King Djoser and Imhotep. Djoser, the second king of 3rd dynasty, was the first king to have hired an architect, Imhotep, to design a tomb (Time-Life Books, 74). Imhotep was known asRead MoreEgyptian Pyramids Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesWhen most people mention Ancient Egypt the first thing that comes to mind is the Pyramids. To construct such monuments required a mastery of art, architecture and social organization that few cultures would ever rival. The pyramids are said to have built Egypt by being the force that knit together the kingdoms economy. Their creations were so substantial, that the sight of these vast pyramids would take your breath away. Today, the valley of the Nile has an open air museum so people can witnessRead More Egyptian Pyramids Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesWorld that time has passed down to us. These are, of course, the great pyramids of ancient Egypt. But these imposing st ructures were not built to impress civilization millennia down the road. The pyramids in fact had a purpose to the ancient Egyptians. While they seem very simple in nature, as they are simply four-sided pyramids with square bases, they had a meaning for those that had them built. Even by today’s standards, the pyramids of ancient Egypt were an impressive feat of engineering, due to theirRead MoreExtraterrestrials and Ancient Egyptian Pyramids1929 Words   |  8 PagesThe great pyramids of Giza-the last of the 7 wonders of the world still standing to this day. How these marvels of construction came to be has been a mystery for many. It has boggled the minds of even scholars, so much so that they have amassed numerous theories as to how these behemoths of ancient structures were built. Many have come to the conclusion that the challenge of building the great pyramids was far too much for the humans of that time to accomplish. The conclusion many have come to isRead MoreThe C ryptic Secrets Of Egyptian Pyramids1719 Words   |  7 PagesSecrets of Egyptian Pyramids The pyramid-shaped masonry architectures are called Pyramids, and there are eighty of them known as ancient Egyptian Pyramids. The Egyptian Pyramids are the products of a slavery country, but they are also the great accomplishments of ancient people. Since the first discovery of the Egyptian Pyramids, many scientists have been dedicated in ancient Egypt study. After years of researching on the earliest Egyptian Pyramid, Pyramid of Djoser, and the most famous Egyptian PyramidRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Civilization And The Egyptian Pyramids1405 Words   |  6 Pages The Ancient Egyptian civilization was one that lasted nearly thirty centuries, from around 3100 B.C. to 332 B.C. This is an impressive feat for any society to be able to conquer. In these thousands of years, the Pharaohs and their people were able to build structures of massive scale that rival the buildings built in the 21st century. The Egyptian Pyramids were not only massive, but they had extremely precise measureme nts that make them unfathomably impressive to anyone who understands the exactnessRead MoreTraveling to the Egyptian Pyramids Essay1088 Words   |  5 Pagesto the Egyptian Pyramids, the child said to Santiago â€Å" If you come here, you will find a hidden treasure† the child was about to show him the exact location, he woke up. The gypsy women told him that is a difficult dream to interpret but the interpretation was that he need to go to the Egyptian Pyramids and he will find a treasure and become a rich man and if he found his treasure he should give the gypsy women one-tenth of it. The boy started his journey to the Egyptian Pyramids; he wasRead More Egyptian And Mexican Pyramids Essay2158 Words   |  9 Pagesget inside of the Egyptian and Mayan pyramids and discover the treasures of Egyptian pharaohs and Mayan rulers. Most of what we know about Egypt we owe to the pyramids. Thanks to Egyptian belief in the afterlife we can now find out about the civilization that existed nearly five thousand years ago. Egyptian culture is not the only culture that left us its heritage in pyramids. In America we find pyramids build by civilizations of Olmec and Maya about 7th century CE. These pyramids had different purposes

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Question: Discuss about the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Answer: Introduction Asia is the most populous and diverse continent of the world and with continuous socioeconomic development with the enhanced control over the communicable diseases, it is evident that the life expectancy in all the countries of Asia has remarkably increased. The risk of cancer increases with age and also with increasing urbanization, changing lifestyles and obesity changed the cancer pattern and increased the cancer burden in the Asian countries (Shen et al. 2013). Asia is known to be the home for half of the poorest population of the world and this act as a determinant as cancer is associated with both higher and lower socioeconomic conditions which contribute to the cancer burden and pattern in Asia. Despite the burden that is growing on the continent, the priority of healthcare expenditure and planning in most of the Asian countries is low (Pourhoseingholi 2012). This assignment will be on the topic An investigation into cancer rates in Asian countries, the causes, consequences an d preventative measures and will provide an extensive literature review along with the statistical data and their key significance. It is believed that the rates of cancer progression in the Asian countries are growing that has to be studied to know the consequences of the growth and the applicable preventive measures. Rates of Cancer in Asian Countries Asia is a continent with diverse cultures and the variations lie in socio-cultural traditions and practices, social norms, ethnicity and dietary customs. These factors are well reflected in the burdens and patterns of cancer in the different regions of the continent. Kimman et al. (2012) conducted a research work to reveal the most recent data available on the rates and burden of cancer prevailing in the ASEAN region. The researchers estimated that about 500,000 cases of cancer deaths and 700,000 new cases of the dreaded disease are reported every year and the majority of them include lung, liver and breast cancer. About 4 million females and 3.6 million males are living with cancer in the countries of Asia and the median age of cancer occurrence has been from 19 years to 44 years. A similar study was carried out by Park et al. (2016) to demonstrate the incidence of colorectal cancer in five countries of Asia and observed that the trend is increasing in the Asian countries chiefly due to the increased rate of colon cancer and not due to rectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is recognized as the fourth most occurring cancer in the continent of Asia and was found to be the highest among the men of Korea (51.39%) and lowest among the women of Israel (26.60%). From a different perspective, the argument was continued by Zhang et al. (2011) as they carried out a research work to examine and determine the incidence of prostate cancer among the Asian men. The authors found that the mortality to incidence, mortality and incidence rates of cancer in Asian men was found to be 0.44, 59,643 and 7.2 cases per 105 per year respectively. However, Chang et al. (2014) studied the intensity of hospital spending and the outcomes of cancer in the Asian countries which was a combined argument to both the previous studies. The authors found that the hospital spending index which was the highest for colorectal cancer with 30.2% and the lowest for prostate cancer with 6.2%. From the reviewed literature, it was hypothesized that the rate of cancer is increasing in Asia and this is evident from the registered new cases and deaths. The strengths of the reviewed consisted of their accuracy of information to exhibit the menace of the disease and the weakness consisted of their validity of findings with the lack of segmentation of the incidence of the individual cancer types. Therefore, it is concluded that the majority of the cancer is among the females that start at the young age of 19 and the hospital spending is mostly on colorectal cancer. Causes of Cancer in Asian Countries The causative factors of cancer in the Asian countries consist of the socio-cultural and lifestyle factors that have caused an increase in the prevalence of breast cancer. Using smokeless tobacco in the southern and southeastern countries has increased the oral cavity cancer rates. Dietary patterns and Helicobacter pylori infection are responsible for the high prevalence of stomach cancer. In this regard, Long et al. (2012) carried out a research work and found that the risk of prostate cancer is associated with diabetes mellitus and since the disease has a high prevalence among the Asian men, it supports the development of prostate cancer. Various factors are associated with the occurrence of diabetes like family history, environmental factors and medication use duration that also affects the occurrence of prostate cancer. Therefore, alteration in any of these factors will also modify the incidence rates. Apart from this, alcohol, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet are also the causative factors of cancer. Ng et al. (2015) carried on with the argument with their research work for determining the relationship that exists between the geographical regions, country income and cancer pattern in Asia and investigate the causes of cancer in the continent. The authors found that the developing countries in Asia are having a rising incidence of cancer primarily due to low fiber diet, obesity and high fat, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, smoking and living a cancer-related lifestyle. However, Kristina, Endarti Thavorncharoensap (2016) narrowed the argument with their research work to attribute the burden of cancer to tobacco smoking in the South Asian countries. The authors found that about 22% of the cancer deaths are due to the smoking of tobacco in the low, middle and high-income countries in Asia. Lin et al. (2013) on a different perspective found that hepatitis B and C virus are the major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma or liver cancer. Only about 3 5% of the patients survive the long term suffering of liver cancer. The reviewed literature developed the hypothesis that there are several causative factors for the different types of cancer in the Asian countries. The strength of the literature was that they provided a detailed account of the various types of cancer in Asia however, with the limitation of their lack of information about their prevalence among men and women according to their causative factors, apart from prostate and breast cancer. Therefore, it can be concluded that identification of these causative factors can be vital for control of cancer in Asia. Consequences of Cancer in Asian Countries The consequences of cancer can be dreadful for a continent like Asia where there are several developing countries and cancer can further aggravate the poverty. This can be either due to the impact of the disease on the ability of the people to work or due to the cost of managing and treating the illness. In this respect, McCormack and Boffetta (2011) conducted a research work that reflected the consequences of lifestyles that can lead to the development of cancer particularly in the middle and low-income countries of Asia. This population is subjected to disposable income and open markets that make them consume alcohol, tobacco and expose them to more sedentary occupations and lifestyles. This leads to the development of prostrate, breast and colon cancer among the Asians. Kimman et al. (2015) carried on with the argument and stated that cancer could have a deleterious effect on the lives of the Asian people resulting in a financial catastrophe. Poor survival and adverse economic out comes were identified among 75% of the new patients who die within a year due to socioeconomic disadvantages and advance diagnostic stage. Kimman et al. (2012) studied the impact and consequences of cancer on an Asian context and found that the countries that lack an effective and comprehensive system of social health insurance get affected the most. Without these social safety nets, the survival, treatment costs, quality of life of the patients, their households and their economic circumstances all comes under threat. The healthcare expenditure that goes out of pocket usually exceeds 30% of the income of the household leading to economic hardship, psychological distress and illness induced poverty. Mak et al. (2014) carried out a study on a positive note to mark the consequences of cancer which posed work related challenges that are faced by the survivors of cancer. The unintended social consequences have also been discussed by the authors to exhibit the interaction between the cancer survivors and their workplace. From the literature, a hypothesis can be deduced which states that cancer can have its consequences in every aspect of life. The strength of the literature was the detailed investigation of the impact of cancer on the lives of the patient and the weakness of the literature was the lack of information on the medical consequences of cancer management that includes the adverse reactions. Therefore, on the conclusion, it can be stated that the dreadful consequences of cancer not only affects the patient personally but also on a professional scale. Preventive Measures of Cancer in Asian Countries The emerging and existing cancer burden and patterns in the various Asian countries require its political recognition as an important problem of public health. Balanced investment is also essential in the professional and public awareness. To stress more on the preventive measures, D'cruz et al. (2013) conducted a research work to state that the preventive measure of head and neck cancer is largely dependent on the site and stage of the tumor. Appropriate treatment due to early diagnosis is crucial for increasingly the likelihood of survival and cure. From the perspectives of hepatocellular carcinoma, Han et al. (2011) opined that ablation or surgery are the curative therapies for the disease that can prevent its spreading in the body of the Asian patients. Palliative treatment with guidelines and staging systems can be the affective measure along with chemotherapy by hepatic arterial infusion and external radiation. The outcome of the treatment is largely dependent on the size of th e tumor and the preventive measure is dependent on the status of the tumor-like extrahepatic spread and major vessel invasion. Going on with the argument, Monn, Tatem Cheng (2016) found that prostate cancer has adopted an aggressive mode in the Asian men that requires adequate preventive measures. This begins with the screening process with biomarkers and pathological evaluations help in the early identification of cancer which can be adopted as a preventive measure. This can be economically beneficial for the patient and can make the management of the disease more effective and rapid. A further argument was raised by Yeoh et al. (2013) for the prevention of lymphoblastic leukemia with supportive care and risk-directed treatment. Educational programs and social support can improve the substantial outcome of the treatment. For the children and adult, optimum treatment results can be obtained by integrating oncology treatment with palliative treatment. From the reviewed literature, it can be hypothesized that different types of cancers require different preventive measures. The strength of the reviewed literature lies on the fact that various novel preventive measures have been discussed for various types of cancers however, the limitation is that there is a dearth of information on the adaptation of the preventive measures during different stages of cancer. Therefore, it can be concluded by stating that appropriate implementation of the preventive measures is crucial for the effective management of cancer in the Asian context. Conclusion On critically appraising the literature on the research topic of prevalence and control of cancer in Asian countries, it can be stated that several hypotheses arise from the rates, causes, consequences and preventive measures of cancer in Asia. On critical examination, it can be concluded that the mortality rates due to cancer in Asia are increasing with few of cancer having higher prevalence compared to few of the cancers that have a lower proportion of occurrence. The progress has to be checked especially in the developing countries to prevent the spread of the disease and improve the public health of the community with appropriate medical interventions and developed healthcare policies. References Chang, T., Huang, K., Chang, C., Lin, C., Su, Y. Lee, C. 2014, "The association of hospital spending intensity and cancer outcomes: a population-based study in an Asian country",The oncologist,vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 990-998. Chen, R., Ren, S., Yiu, M.K., Fai, N.C., Cheng, W.S., Ian, L.H., Naito, S., Matsuda, T., Kehinde, E., Kural, A. and Chiu, J.Y., 2014. Prostate cancer in Asia: a collaborative report.Asian Journal of Urology,1(1), pp.15-29. D'cruz, A., Lin, T., Anand, A.K., Atmakusuma, D., Calaguas, M.J., Chitapanarux, I., Cho, B.C., Goh, B.C., Guo, Y., Hsieh, W.S., Hu, C., Kwong, D., Lin, J.C., Lou, P.J., Lu, T., Prabhash, K., Sriuranpong, V., Tang, P., Vu, V.V., Wahid, I., Ang, K.K. Chan, A.T. 2013, "Consensus recommendations for management of head and neck cancer in Asian countries: a review of international guidelines",Oral oncology,vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 872. Han, K., Kudo, M., Ye, S., Choi, J.Y., Poon, R.T., Seong, J., Park, J., Ichida, T., Chung, J.W., Chow, P. Cheng, A. 2011, "Asian Consensus Workshop Report: Expert Consensus Guideline for the Management of Intermediate and Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Asia",Oncology,vol. 81, no. s1, pp. 158-164. Ian, L.H., Naito, S., Matsuda, T., Kehinde, E., Kural, A., Chiu, J.Y., Umbas, R., Wei, Q., Shi, X., Zhou, L. and Huang, J., 2014. Prostate cancer in Asia: A collaborative report. Kimman, M., Jan, S., Kingston, D., Monaghan, H., Sokha, E., Thabrany, H., Bounxouei, B., Bhoo-Pathy, N., Khin, M., Cristal-Luna, G. and Khuhaprema, T., 2012. Socioeconomic impact of cancer in member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): the ACTION study protocol.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention,13(2), pp.421-425. Kimman, M., Jan, S., Yip, C.H., Thabrany, H., Peters, S.A., Bhoo-Pathy, N., Woodward, M., ACTION Study Group The ACTION Study Group 2015, "Catastrophic health expenditure and 12-month mortality associated with cancer in Southeast Asia: results from a longitudinal study in eight countries",BMC medicine,vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 190. Kimman, M., Norman, R., Jan, S., Kingston, D. and Woodward, M., 2012. The burden of cancer in member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention,13(2), pp.411-420. Kristina, S.A., Endarti, D. Thavorncharoensap, M. 2016, "Burden of cancer attributable to tobacco smoking in member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 2012",Cancer Epidemiology,vol. 44, pp. 84-90. Lin, H., Ha, N.B., Ahmed, A., Ayoub, W., Daugherty, T.J., Lutchman, G.A., Garcia, G. Nguyen, M.H. 2013, "Both HCV and HBV are Major Causes of Liver Cancer in Southeast Asians",Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health,vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 1023-1029. Long, X.J., Lin, S., Sun, Y.N. and Zheng, Z.F., 2012. Diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer risk in Asian countries: a meta-analysis.Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention,13(8), pp.4097-4100. Mak, A.K.Y., Chaidaroon, S., Fan, G. Thalib, F. 2014, "Unintended consequences: the social context of cancer survivors and work",Journal of Cancer Survivorship,vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 269-281. McCormack, V.A. and Boffetta, P., 2011. Today's lifestyles, tomorrow's cancers: trends in lifestyle risk factors for cancer in low-and middle-income countries.Annals of Oncology,22(11), pp.2349-2357. Monn, M.F., Tatem, A.J. Cheng, L. 2016, "Prevalence and management of prostate cancer among East Asian men: Current trends and future perspectives",Urologic oncology,vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 58.e1-58.e9. Ng, C.J., Teo, C.H., Abdullah, N., Tan, W.P. Tan, H.M. 2015, "Relationships between cancer pattern, country income and geographical region in Asia",BMC cancer,vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 613. Park, H., Woo, H., Jung, S.J., Jung, K., Shin, H. Shin, A. 2016, "Colorectal cancer incidence in 5 Asian countries by subsite: An analysis of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (19982007)",Cancer Epidemiology,vol. 45, pp. 65-70. Pourhoseingholi, M.A., 2012. Increased burden of colorectal cancer in Asia.World J Gastrointest Oncol,4(4), pp.68-70. Sankaranarayanan, R., Ramadas, K. and Qiao, Y.L., 2014. Managing the changing burden of cancer in Asia.BMC medicine,12(1), p.1. Shen, L., Shan, Y.S., Hu, H.M., Price, T.J., Sirohi, B., Yeh, K.H., Yang, Y.H., Sano, T., Yang, H.K., Zhang, X. and Park, S.R., 2013. Management of gastric cancer in Asia: resource-stratified guidelines.The lancet oncology,14(12), pp.e535-e547. Sugano, S., 2014. Cross-boundary Cancer Studies at the University of Tokyo: Using Genome Science to Decipher Cancer in Asia.Japanese journal of clinical oncology,44(suppl 1), pp.i17-i21. Xie, S.H. and Lagergren, J., 2016. Time trends in the incidence of oesophageal cancer in Asia: Variations across populations and histological types.Cancer Epidemiology,44, pp.71-76. Yeoh, A.E.J., Tan, D., Li, C., Hori, H., Tse, E., Pui, C. Asian Oncology Summit 2013 2013, "Management of adult and paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Asia: resource-stratified guidelines from the Asian Oncology Summit 2013",The Lancet. Oncology,vol. 14, no. 12, pp. e508-e523. Zhang, L., Yang, B.X., Zhang, H.T., Wang, J.G., Wang, H.L. and Zhao, X.J., 2011. Prostate cancer: an emerging threat to the health of aging men in Asia.Asian J Androl,13(4), pp.574-578.

The Effects Of Various Factors On The Growth Rate Of E. Coli Essays

The Effects Of Various Factors On The Growth Rate Of E. Coli The Effects of Various Factors on the Growth Rate of E. coli Introduction: There are times in our lives (as human beings) when people do not feel well. A doctor might diagnose them with a disease or an infection. There are also times when people do not feel clean. This could be a person's feeling after exercising, sweating, or maybe he/she had not taken a shower in a couple days. In any of the preceding scenarios, bacteria most likely played a major role in initiating a person's feeling of illness or squalor. Sickness can be caused from bacteria. Someone may be sick because they ate food contaminated with bacteria or they could have easily taken a sip from the cup of a friend and shared some sort of bacterial disease. Bacteria surrounds us everyday, every second. It is difficult for people to accept this fact because they want to believe they are clean, after they shower. In relative terms, a washed person is clean, but they are not free of bacteria. Clean is simply an image, because bacteria are covering all substances and objects that you use to be clean; toothbrushes, soap, and even toilet paper. We live in a world of bacteria, maybe even a world that evolved from bacteria. These microscopic organisms reproduce quickly, sometimes even exponentially. In the experiment today, my class is observing and measuring data of how different factors can influence the rate at which bacteria grows. We will use Escherichia coli (E. coli) as our bacteria. It is a Gram-negative bacterium that resides in the intestines of humans (Laboratory Experiences, 34). Before you can fully understand the experiment and it purpose, it is important to understand the phases bacteria go through when reproducing in various media. In general, a bacterial will go through four distinct phases; a lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, and a death phase. The lag phase shows how bacteria reproduce at a very slow rate at first. At this point, the cells are preparing for division. They are making sure to manufacture fats and proteins for the reproduction ahead. The second phase is the log (logarithmic or exponential) phase. The bacteria is now replicating rapidly and becoming so large in numbers that space is growing smaller, as is non-hazardous room and nutrient. Due to this rapid growth, the next step is the stationary phase. In this phase, about fifty percent of the new bacteria population will become inactive, and the other fifty percent will remain and continue replication (binary fission). The last stage of bacteria generational grow is the death stage. In the death stage, there is not enough nutrients for the entire population. This causes the death rate of E. coli to increase, and the division will slow as well. At some point, the birth rate will be lower than the death rate, and this is displayed in the graph at the leveling off, or downward slope. From this growth curve that bacteria produces, the mean generation time (MGT) can be calculated. This will be shown later in the results section of this report. Various types of abiotic, non-living chemical and physical factors (Biology, 1027), factors try to decide which will act as catalysts and which will limit the growth of the E. coli. There are many factors that could have an effect on the growth rate of bacteria, but we are only concerned withthree; aeration, temperature, and nutrients. The conditions for optimal growth-temperature, pH, salt concentrations, nutrient sources and so on- vary according to species. Refrigeration retards food spoilage because most microorganisms grow only very slowly at such low temperatures (Campbell, 507). Temperature acts as a catalyst for many things, and it helps speed up many chemical processes. It is stated in the lab manual ( 35) that 37 degrees Celsius is the optimal condition for E. coli and that E. coli has a doubling time of about 20 minutes at this temperature. From this information, I predict that the higher the temperature, the higher the MGT. Our next variable that we are testing is the effect of different nutrients on E. coli. Our first type of media to test is

I Am the Cheese Essays

I Am the Cheese Essays I Am the Cheese Paper I Am the Cheese Paper l Am the Cheese is a thrilling but mysterious novel written by Robert Cornier about a boy finding his identity and discovering the truths about his past while battling a corrupt power. The narrative conventions and language techniques in l Am the Cheese are used to demonstrate the themes of deceit, Identity, individuals against corrupt power and many other themes. The author uses Juxtaposition, descriptive language and narrative structure to Influence the readers response. Juxtaposition is used in the novel to emphasis and highlight contrasts. The innocence of Adam and his family are Juxtaposed with the evil intentions and irruption of Grey and the government. Dams family is innocent because they have done nothing wrong at all and dont deserve what they have received. They lived peaceful lives until Dams father discovered something he wasnt supposed to know. Grey and his team of men are evil and exact opposite of the Farmer family because they seem protective but are in fact evil and the antagonists of the novel. Juxtaposition Is also used to show the differences between reality and fantasy. Dams Illusion of a bike Journey was Juxtaposed with the very real interview with Brent. The bike Journey was discovered as fake later In the novel, with clues along the way, while the Interview was reality all along. Juxtaposition Is used to display the themes of power and corruption with innocence and reality with fantasy by contrasting their differences. Descriptive language is important in the novel to build on the characters and show their actions and feelings in detail. l stand in the upright coffin and my body oozes with sweat and my heart pounds and this terrible feeling of suffocation threatens me and I wonder if the doors will ever open. Descriptive language is used to convey to he reader how much Adam fears enclosed spaces. Into them. Into his father, his mother, himself. The car smashing. A flash of steel, sun glinting, and he felt himself, crazily, moving through the air, no feeling, no pain, no sense of flight, but actually In the air, not flying but moving as If In slow motion, everything slowed down, tumbling now and twisting and in the tumbling and twisting he saw his mother die. Descriptive language also sets the scene of the car crashing into Dams family in lots of detail. Using descriptive language explains to the reader of the novels themes in ore detail and gives better understanding by creating more vivid visual images. The changing of narrative structures is one of the most vital techniques in the novel because it maintains suspense throughout the entire story. The novel is divided into 3 different styles. A 1st person account of Dams bike ride, interview sessions between Adam and Bring and Dams recollections of his past. Filtering clues through each of the 3 different narrative styles keeps the suspense because it makes the reader think more about events in the story and wanting more clues. An example of his Is the German Shepherd that Adam encounters while riding also happens to stay at the hospital. The 3 styles are actually all interlinked as the reader finds out in the what could happen next and excited for the climax to keep readers reading. Juxtaposition, descriptive language and narrative structure were 3 different narrative conventions and language techniques used in l Am the Cheese to influence the readers response. Juxtaposition emphasized contrasts, descriptive language is used to build on the characters and other events and narrative structure maintained the suspense throughout the whole novel.

Bats Essay Research Paper BatsINTRODUCTIONThere are an

Bats Essay, Research Paper Bats Introduction There are an countless sum of carnal species in the universe. They all hold adapted and evolved to last in their milieus. Some have grown fives, others legs, and still others wings. One of the animate beings that has grown wings is the chiropteran. The chiropteran is a genuinely great animal. It has all the features of mammals while besides possessing the accomplishment in flight of a bird. There are more than 800 species of chiropterans in the universe. They are of many different sizes, forms, and life styles. They live all over the universe and have drawn the wonder of 1000000s. Bats besides have the alone quality of echo sounding that it uses to catch insects. Though other mammals, like the winging squirrel seem to wing but really glide the chiropteran is the lone mammal that can truly fly ( Lauber 1 ) . A Bat? s Body Due to the great assortment of species of chiropterans some features vary greatly but the Little Brown Bat is a good illustration of a chiropteran. It has fur on its organic structure, big bare ears, its rear legs have claws, it has a tail membrane, and it has the most distinguishing characteristic of a chiropteran, wings ( Lauber 9 ) . The upper arm of the chiropteran is short while the forearm is really long. The carpus is really little and from it comes the pollex and the four longer fingers. The pollex is short and used for mounting or walking. The fingers are long and thin. Interlocking the fingers is the wing. This set up of holding the fingers in the flying gives the chiropteran astonishing flight manoeuvrability ( Honders 22 ) . These castanetss expression similar to a human manus. They are connected by rubbery tegument to the chiropteran # 8217 ; s organic structure enfolding all the fingers but the pollex ( Bats in CT 1 ) . Echolocation Bats have a # 8220 ; 6th sense # 8221 ; called echo sounding. This was foremost proved by Donald Griffin. Bats produce supersonic sound moving ridges and so utilize the reverberation of the returning sound to feel the universe around them and in peculiarly to catch insects. These sounds are normally out of the worlds range of hearing ( Fellman 42 ) . This system is similar to that of mahimahis. The sound is in the signifier of chinks that increase as the chiropteran gets closer to the insect or whatever it is tracking ( Bats in CT ) . Unlike worlds most insects can hear the chiropteran # 8217 ; s echo sounding sounds. David D. Yager of the University of Maryland has found that the praying mantid has used this to its advantage. When being pursued by a chiropteran the mantid can hear the chinks of the chiropteran behind it and to avoid being eaten goes into a series of evasive manoeuvres. First they extend their bow limbs and so widen their venters that stops them. Then they go into a honkytonk traveling twice their usual velocity and if still being pursued will crash into the land to avoid being eaten. This and other insects besides use hearing to their advantage ( Amato 781 ) . Moths besides do astonishing manoeuvres in efforts of flight similar to the mantid. Tiger moths even make their ain supersonic chinks. It is non known whether these are to galvanize the chiropteran or to warn it that the moth is unsavory. Despite the insects great attempts to foil the chiropteran? s sonar the chiropteran still gimmicks its quarry more than 50 % of the clip ( Fellman 93 ) . Some chiropterans even have different frequences than insects can hear. The competition between insects and chiropterans will travel on everlastingly because they will counter each others counter steps of how an animate being can germinate to how astonishing abilities. Bats have evolved to wing, utilize echo sounding, hibernate, slumber in the twenty-four hours, bent by their pess, and many other things that single species have developed. Some big chiropterans, called fruit bats, are even thought by some scientists to be closely related to Primatess because of their similar encephalon tissue. Bats are extremely evolved animate beings that hold astonishing features. ( Edward gibbons 1992, Bailey et Al. 1992 ) HIBERNATION AND MIGRATION The nutrient of chiropteran normally becomes scarce during winter months so some chiropterans hibernate while others migrate ( Honders 75, Bourliere 95 ) . When chiropterans migrate they normally move from the South to far north during the summer and they return during the autumn. Bats that hibernate prepare for the winter by acquiring fat in fall. Then they fall into a slumber more utmost than their normal day-to-day slumber. As in most animate beings, when hole uping their major bodily maps, such as heart-rate and external respiration, are suppressed greatly. Bats are known to disrupt their hibernation because they have been seen in the winter. Disturbing chiropterans during hibernation can be really destructive ( Pistorius 94 ) . This is because the chiropterans have a limited supply of energy. The energy used when the chiropteran is awake is immense compared to that when it is hole uping. Bats arise on juncture anyhow to prepare, or sometimes take a flight exterior, and even to travel to colder topographic points, where they can last with lower metamorphosis and salvage energy. Repeated waking ups can ensue in famishment in the late winter from deficiency of energy shops. In an utmost instance in Kentucky, during the 1960? s where a cave was a tourer attractive force, the population of 100,000 chiropterans starved to decease after being awakened so many times. Reproduction Bats have internal fertilisation and give birth to extremely full-blown immature like worlds ( Lauber, Honders 75, Ezzel 92 ) . Most chiropterans merely have one babe a twelvemonth. The chiropterans mate in the roost and hold small or no wooing. The pregnant female parents form separate nursing settlements from the others. Some species like the Mexican free-tailed chiropteran, who migrate instantly after copulating, produce a secernment that preserves the male? s sperm until they reach their new roost. When their babe is being born the female parent bents by her pollexs to a tree subdivision. Its tail membrane acts as a cradle and the babe is born into it tail foremost. Then the female parent bents by one wing and cleans the babe with the other. IT is so attached to the female parent? s nipple where it will keep on during flight. In some species the babe is left at the roost when the female parent is runing, in others the babe is taken along. In the species that carry their immature finally the babe grows to large for the female parent and is left in the roost. The chiropteran so learns to fly and Hunt its quarry by itself ( Lauber ) . SPECIALIZED BATS Some chiropterans have developed particular ways of accommodating to their milieus. Though most chiropterans eat insects some provender on fruit, nectar, little craniates, fish, and blood ( Bourliere 95 ) . The chiropterans that eat fruit aid scatter seeds by eating fruit and so dropping the seeds in their dungs during flight. Those that imbibe nectar act like hummingbirds pollenating flowers ( Warning from Bat Conservation International 91 ) . Bats that eat little craniates along with insects and fruit are frequently called false lamias. These chiropterans eat lizards, tree toads, birds, gnawers, and smaller chiropterans. They kill their quarry by utilizing thier strong jaws and dentitions to interrupt their cervix. These chiropterans have merely about a two pes wingspreads so thier prey tends to be little. Bats that catch fish fly merely above the H2O and catch the fish with its hind pess and utilize its crisp claws to keep it. It so maneuvers the fish to kill it by seize with teething it ( Novick 73 ) . The most celebrated of chiropterans is likely the lamia. The lamia chiropteran drinks the blood of big craniates, to make this they have developed big incisors, a specialised lingua, and specialized spit to forestall blood from coagulating, and they are able to travel rapidly on the land in the instance of its quarry waking up and it is excessively full to wing off ( Honders 75 ) .

CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR - RESTORATIVE JUSTICE VICTIM OFFENDER MEDIATION, Essay

CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR - RESTORATIVE JUSTICE VICTIM OFFENDER MEDIATION, POSITIVE IMPACT, CONSIDERATION OF VICTIMS IN CJS, NEGATIVE IMPACT, DOES RESTORATIVE JUSTIC - Essay Example Punishment and penal institutions, which, ideally, should be the answer to this malady, seem to produce an angrier, undesirable convicts more likely to become recidivists. Judicial systems and policy makers are, thus, under public pressure to find alternatives to traditional justice systems. Ruth Morris (1994) explains that a shift to alternative models is practical because, first, it is expensive to maintain prisons and finally, incarceration and punishment is unjust and immoral. â€Å"Our retributive justice system is based on a spirit of revenge which does not satisfy the primary healthy needs of victims, offenders, or society.† (Morris, 1994) One of the emergent alternatives to traditional justice systems is the restorative justice model. Currently, it is being integrated and used in criminal justice systems of some countries like the United Kingdom. Restorative justice, according to Les Davey, Director Real Justice United Kingdom and Ireland (March 2005), are the processes that respond to crime and wrongdoing by involving victims, offenders and their communities of care, that is, their family and friends. â€Å"Restorative Justice centers around hearing what harm a crime has caused, and finding the best way to address that harm.† (Mediation) Paul McCold, et. al. (May, 1998) coined the words â€Å"full restorative† if all the participants are involved in the process, â€Å"mostly restorative† if there are two stakeholders and â€Å"partly restorative† if there is only one party involved. â€Å"Restorative justice sometimes happens in the context of a courtroom, and sometimes within a community or nonprofit organization. In the courtroom, the process might look like this: For petty or first-time offenses, a case may be referred to restorative justice as a pretrial diversion, with charges being dismissed after fulfillment of the restitution agreement. In more

Immune System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Immune System - Essay Example For instance, a problem in the spleen may lead to the destruction of white blood cells and platelets within a human body beyond the required level, thereby causing weakness and leading towards a weak immune system. The proper functioning of an immune system is highly critical to other systems found within a human body, such as the immune system, nervous system, and circulatory system. To explain things more clearly, let’s take the example of the circulatory system. The function of a circulatory system is to enable proper blood flow within the human body and its interaction with the immune system enables the transference of white blood cells along the circulatory system. If the immune system fails to function properly, by, for instance, producing less or more blood cells than may be required, then its circulation along the blood vessels can be very dangerous for a healthy human body (Parham, 2005). There are many instances when things can go wrong with an immune system and caus e it to work improperly. We all know of allergies. What most of us don’t know is allergies develop as a result of our immune system’s incapability to the handling of alien substances such as pollen grains, dust, or even pet hair for that matter which a human body may come across. These problems definitely interfere with human lives as, for instance when people are allergic, they often can’t concentrate or do their work properly as they are often found sneezing, vomiting, having red eyes, itchy palms etc.

Definition Essay - The True Meaning of Hegemony -- Expository Definiti

Hegemony - The True Meaning Hegemony was derived from the Greek word "egemonia," meaning leader or ruler, often in the sense of a state other than his own (Williams 144).   Although the base of this definition remains true, the word has evolved to much more.   Hegemony is defined by Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought as "Political and economical control exercised by a dominant class, and its success in projecting its own way of seeing the world, human and social relationships as 'common sense' and part of the natural order by those who are, in fact, subordinated to it."   Hegemony is defined as a predominant influence or leadership of a dominant class or institution over a subordinate class; the question is are the "subordinates" forced to follow the beliefs, or do they agree with them?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antonio Gramsci, a leading Marxist thinker in the early 20th century, used hegemony to define class structure, (e.g. bourgeois hegemony).   Gramsci's philosophy was that the subordinate class was to follow this "common sense" that the dominant class set, however, Gramsci ... Definition Essay - The True Meaning of Hegemony -- Expository Definiti Hegemony - The True Meaning Hegemony was derived from the Greek word "egemonia," meaning leader or ruler, often in the sense of a state other than his own (Williams 144).   Although the base of this definition remains true, the word has evolved to much more.   Hegemony is defined by Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought as "Political and economical control exercised by a dominant class, and its success in projecting its own way of seeing the world, human and social relationships as 'common sense' and part of the natural order by those who are, in fact, subordinated to it."   Hegemony is defined as a predominant influence or leadership of a dominant class or institution over a subordinate class; the question is are the "subordinates" forced to follow the beliefs, or do they agree with them?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antonio Gramsci, a leading Marxist thinker in the early 20th century, used hegemony to define class structure, (e.g. bourgeois hegemony).   Gramsci's philosophy was that the subordinate class was to follow this "common sense" that the dominant class set, however, Gramsci ...

Child Support Enforcement: One Law Does Not Fit All

Single parents are becoming the norm these days and the government has stepped in to assist these custodial parents to make things fair. It takes two people to make a child so it seems only fair that two people support the child financially, right? I am a single mother. My daughter’s father, Donnie, and I were never married and weren’t together at the time of her birth. He wasn’t around to sign the birth certificate so I had to go through DFS to fill paperwork out to get support payments from him after our daughter (Nathalia) was born. When I filled out the CSE (Child Support Enforcement) paperwork the case was being handled by a caseworker in Jefferson City, MO. I gave the caseworker Donnie’s address about four months after our daughter’s birth. Nothing was done and I assumed they were having trouble getting hold of him. When Nathalia was five years old my case was moved to a caseworker in Columbia who called and got the information from me again and I received paternity paperwork within the month. The way it works is the noncustodial parent only has to pay from the time the paperwork showing paternity was sent. I had tried to contact Nathalia’s father to start visitation. He came around for one hour a week for about two months then just stopped. He paid the arrearage for support payments after facing criminal charges for non-payment of support payments, and being threatened with a year in jail if the support was not paid. I feel no sympathy. Now he is back to not making the payments. On the other hand I have a friend (Jessica, fictional name) who has a five year old daughter (Hannah, fictional name) whose father has been in and out of jail for child support non-payment. He has a relationship with Hannah and has care of her fifty percent of the time. The government wants to put him back in jail for arrearage on Hannah and two of his other children. Jessica has lost her health insurance due to not signing papers that would have him arrested. With these two cases the fathers are very different. One is an absentee father who quits jobs to avoid paying his support payments, the other a father who is very much in his child’s life and is a positive influence. Both fathers are being treated equally in the eyes of the State. But which father deserves the jail time? In an article by Jeff Minerd, â€Å"A Kinder, Gentler Look at ‘Deadbeat Dads’,† he states â€Å"In 1950, about 20% of children lived apart from their father; that figure is now approaching 50%† (8). This article was printed in 1999 so the percentage of children not living with their father has likely increased. The increase is due to many reasons. Some of the reasons may include death, divorce, and never-married couples. With the number of children who do not live with their fathers rising it only stands to reason that the number of cases the CSE (Child Support Enforcement) is handling is increasing as well. According to the Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Office of Child Support Enforcement, one of their goals is â€Å". . . to emphasize that children need to have both parents in their lives. . . † (Handbook). If this is true then why is the father who is a positive influence and is present in his child’s life having to deal with the possibility of going back to jail for past child support non-payment, but the father who wants nothing to do with his daughter and doesn’t pay his child support as ordered gets off with a slap on the wrist? Child support enforcement should look more in depth at each case before taking actions against a non-custodial father. The Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Office of Child Support Enforcement states â€Å"Although the function of the CSE program is to collect and distribute child support payments, throughout the Handbook [sic]we hope to give the message that children fare best when both parents play an active, supportive role in their lives† (1). The government claims that the actions they take against non-custodial parents are to assist in getting families to work together to make children’s lives better. But according to Jeff Minerd, â€Å"Government enforcement of child support can have the effect of separating fathers from their children† (8). Minerd also states that it is more supported to go after the â€Å"low-income† fathers because it gets the mothers off of State welfare monies. With â€Å"middle-class† mothers it isn’t so supported to go after the fathers because it doesn’t help the State with the amount of money being paid out because they aren’t on welfare (8). So is their mission to help keep families connected or is it to get the money back that they are giving to the low-income families? The first reason CSE should handle these cases case by case is that if actions are taken that cause the father to be resentful it could harm the relationship between the parents and the child. Actions taken by the state can come between the custodial mother and the non-custodial parent. As Cindy Elmore states in her article â€Å"On and On, Over and Over: The Gender War in Child Support Enforcement Court,† â€Å"We’re all crowded together waiting for the courtroom doors to be unlocked, but the women don’t talk to the men, and the men ignore the women† (397). The line of communication between the parents is destroyed by feelings of resentment and arguments that arise from court dates and state demands. Arguments between the parents also harm the child. Even if the parents do not argue in front of the child, the child will still feel the tension and know something is wrong. Feelings of resentment toward being forced to do something may also disturb the relationship between father and child. If the father is arguing about how much to pay and how often with the mother it may cause the father to stop coming around the child. In my situation Nathalia’s dad, Donnie, got upset about the amount and when I couldn’t change it he just cut all contact. The way his support amount was determined was a paper was filled out on the amount of money it took to raise Nathalia. Then the amount I made and the amount he made were taken into consideration. Since I made more my percentage of responsibility was larger. Then they take the percentage left to raise her after subtracting mine and he is responsible for that. So there was nothing I could do to request they lower the payments. We had many arguments relating to this. Another was that he was afraid the State would go after property that he owned. According to the Handbook on Child Support Enforcement liens can be placed on property the non-custodial parent owns in the county (26) and can also take State and Federal Income Tax refunds to pay back child support (29). So it could happen but not if he pays his support payments on a regular basis. When I kept refusing to ask if his payments could be lowered he stopped calling Nathalia and stopped coming to visit her. Second, if a father is active in a child’s life and is a positive influence leniency should be given. Pushing a father to make payments higher than he can make then sending him to jail until it is paid, when he is active in the child’s life, will only harm the child. In â€Å"Child Support Enforcement and Father Involvement for Children in Never-Married Mother. Families† Chien-Chung Huang states, â€Å"Although there are no studies on changes in father-child contact for children in never-married mother families over time, studies find that about one-third of children saw their fathers at least once a month but another third of children had no contact at all with their fathers† (99). If there are such big chunks of the population receiving child support that have similar situations with the non-custodial parent, shouldn’t the different types have different ways of handling the cases? A father that is helping his child with homework every other week shouldn’t be held to the same treatment as a father who has no contact with his child by his own choice. Speaking from experience, I know that if I my daughter’s father was involved in my daughter’s life in a positive way and they had a healthy relationship I would not mind so much if there was a payment missed here or there. A child’s life can be so much fuller with positive influences from both the mother and the father figures in their lives. Third, if the system states that they are trying to get fathers more active in the child’s life through child support enforcement then if they don’t see what is going on before ordering something to be done, they won’t succeed. Jeff Minerd does not think that child support should not be enforced, â€Å"However, the harsh treatment of low-income fathers may make them hostile and resentful of the mothers, children, and government authority† (8). If a low-income father is ordered to pay what the CSE considers to be fair what happens if the father isn’t even making enough to make the payments? Is he to be held to the same standards as a father that keeps quitting his job to avoid making his payments? What if the father gets remarried? According to Hans and Coleman in the article â€Å"The Experiences of Remarried Stepfathers Who Pay Child Support,† â€Å"Remarriage magnified feelings of disempowerment and introduced additional complexities to existing child support arrangements† (613). When fathers remarry it adds more financial responsibility, especially if they have more kids in the new marriage or if there are stepchildren in the marriage. When the Child Support Enforcement Agency takes harsh actions against non-custodial parents it starts a chain of events that can destroy the relationship between the parents. The resentment the father feels for being forced to comply with what the state orders can cause a rift between the father and the custodial mother. In cases like mine it may have caused a rift so large that my daughter may never see her father again. She doesn’t understand why her father doesn’t come and see her any more. A couple of months ago she made up a reason of her own, it was because he was sick. Just last week a new reason came up. She told me he died and that is why he doesn’t come over anymore. I don’t know where she got this but I do know that it is her way of dealing with her feelings. I don’t know what to tell her when she says this. If I tell her that he is alive what reason do I give her when she then asks why he doesn’t see her anymore? Perhaps if the enforcement of the child support was handled differently she would still have a father that was active in her life.

Elite Athletes and Performance Enhancing Drugs - 1817 Words

Elite Athletes: An Asset or Liability to Sports? Many elite athletes are under great pressure to perform exceptionally well they often times resort to using performance-enhancing drugs to stay competitive. The path to success as an athlete is not an easy track; it is fierce! The fame and the fortune one can attain from being an athlete is only unimaginable to some; it is something worth going the extra mile to reach, for some, there is no limit to the extra mile. After all, in today’s society the public demand for spectator sports entertainment—more touch downs, more world records, and more grand slams—are in higher demand than ever. It is no surprise that winning at any cost is all that matters. Sports have become convoluted with performance-enhancing drugs among athletes. As a result, the uses of performance-enhancing drugs have spurred some of the most controversial arguments between opponents for performance-enhancing drugs and advocates against performance-enhancing drugs. 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